Queen Elizabeth

• Queen Elizabeth ruled for 44 years.
• Henry VIII divorced Katherine of Aragon and married Anne Boelin.
• They had a girl together, and not a son.
• Anne miscarried a boy and was eventually killed. Elizabeth was declared a bastard, and not a lawful heir.
• Henry then married Jane. They had Edward.
• Jane died a few days later.
• Elizabeth grew up despised. This helped her later in life.
• When Henry died, Edward took over.

Recipe

Tarte of Strawberies.

Seson your Strawberyes with sugar, a very little Sinamon, a little ginger, and so cover them with a cover, and you must lay upon the cover a morsell of sweet Butter, Rosewater and Sugar, you may Ice the cover if you will, you must make your Ice with the white of an egge beaten, and Rosewater and Sugar.

Daily

How is the art of the Renaissance different from the art of the Middle Ages?

There are several differences between the art of the Middle Ages and the art of the Renaissance. In the Middle Ages, paintings were painted with no perspective. This means that everything looked flat, with no shape. Brunelleschi was the first person to paint with perspective. Also, the architecture was slightly different. Middle Age architects used two main styles, Gothic and Romanesque. During the Renaissance, architects started to go back to the classical style of building. They copied off of buildings like the Pantheon.

Italian Renaissance Notes

• cosimo medici http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosimo_Medici
• Michelangelo http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelangelo
• Galileo http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo
• Brunelleschi http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filippo_Brunelleschi
• Da Vinci http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonardo_da_vinci
• The achievements of the classics were unsurpassed
• Knowledge was brought back to Italy
• Florence was unlike any other city in Europe. It was a republic where rich families vied for power
• The Medici bank was originally very small, run in the back of a store.
• They valued profit but mainly loyalty
• The Medici's gambled their entire business, and it paid off. They got a man to become the Pope.
• When this happened, the Pope chose the Medici bank as his bank.
• They joined a powerful group of Florentines
• For over a hundred years, an unfinished cathedral remained in the city.
• This was a "mutilation" to the city. They tried to build the largest dome.
• The Medici family hired a self taught genius, Filippo Brunelleschi (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filippo_Brunelleschi).
• They gambled again on his judgment.
• He used classical orders of architecture, which had not been done for a long time.
• This sparked an architecture revolution.
• It was only the beginning for the Medici's.
• The offered a large cash prize for a solution for the church's dome.
• Brunelleschi was hired to do this
• He had to rewrite the rules of architecture to do and there was no guarantee for success.
• He used ideas used for the Pantheon.
• Brunelleschi used sandstone rings to create enough support for the dome.
• Cosimo's father's health began to decline.
• Giovanni was buried in a church redone by Brunelleschi
• The Medici's were challenged by a rival family
• Brunelleschi tried to escape his age.
• Cosimo was at the mercy of his enemies. They locked him at the top room at the top floor.
• But the rival family had to have the consent of the people.
• He was accused of treason against the city and the people. He now faced execution
• His friends spared him death by paying them a bribe.
• Cosimo and his family were banished. None of his friends were safe.
• Brunelleschi was thrown in jail.
• They tried to attack the city in the church but were held off by the city guard.
• Agents of the Pope were sent to Florence. They had gone too far.
• Cosimo modestly accepted rule of the city.
• Revenge was selective but severe.
• Work on the church resumed.
• The Medici bank collected money from every archbishop in Europe.
• They were now the most profitable bank in Europe.
• He began to commission many artists. He was the most sought after patron.
• He had problems with Lipo following through with his job.
• Cosimo was highly tolerant with these kinds of artists.
• Brunelleschi continued to break boundaries. He unveiled a new technique called perspective.
• The Pope was invited to the church once it was finished.
• A story was painted at the top of the dome
• It proved that man could conquer the seemingly impossible
• "It touches the sky and casts a shadow over the whole of Tuscany."
• Brought together more artists and thinkers than ever before
• Cosimo remained a cautious man
• He had no one to follow in his footsteps

• The Medici's were in danger of losing control of the city to other rival families.
• The heirs to the city were Julio and Lorenzo
• They knew that they had to kill Cosimo to take over.
• The Medici's started to become vulnerable. They need to become allies with families outside of Florence.
• business had never been better since Lorenzo married the daughter of a Roman baron.
• Lorenzo takes over after Cosimo died
• He does not have the power that he exercises.
• Created a new type of art called the spring. It was pure fantasy and inspired by poetry and imagination.
• There is a mafia atmosphere during this time.
• The Pazzi were trying to kill the Medici's
• They had the support of the church.
• The Pazzi had to kill the younger and older brother
• On Easter day, The Medici's gathered in church to celebrate the holiest day of the year.
• Juliano died instantly, but Lorenzo was unaccounted for.
• The Medici's supported were enraged by this and killed the conspirators
• The Murder shook Lorenzo to the core.
• He found out that Pope had ordered the killing. He traveled to the south to talk to his enemies. The entire city was worried for his survival.
• He traveled for a month until he got to Naples. They made a deal and they are at peace.
• Lorenzo was hailed as the magnificent
• But his experiences changed him. He wanted to make sure the they did not lose power.
• He had as many kids as possible and took over the Florentine government.
• Lorenzo found Leonardo Da Vinci. His talent was impossible to ignore.
• He wanted to reflect the detail of the natural world.
• Leonardo's rival rose the stakes. Botticelli took his style to new extremes
• the birth of Venus was unlike any other painting of its time
• One monk believed Leonardo was leading Italy on a bad path.
• He turned his hate to Lorenzo
• Lorenzo's wife died of Tuberculosis
• He found solace in art and established the first art school in history. Here he found Michelangelo
• Lorenzo immediately takes him into his family and was given his own rooms in the palace.
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girolamo_Savonarola
• He was drawn to classical legends.
• Savonarola was strongly against Leonardo. Financially, things were at a breaking point.
• Lorenzo lost his grip on the family business
• Branches of the bank were forced to close.
• Savonarola's predictions were starting to become true.
• Lorenzo called Savonarola to his death bed. He damned Lorenzo instead of forgiving him.
• Lorenzo died at the age of 43.
• Savonarola wanted to create a kingdom of God on Earth. He organized a public burning.

Daily

Should we be trying to contact other life?

I do not think that we should be trying to contact other life. If we have been fine surviving for over 2,000 years without other life, we should not need to find them now. If there are other life forms, they could be hostile and try to take advantage of us and our supplies. It would be a bigger harm and threat to us, then it would be advantageous.

Daily

The 12th century Renaissance was a smaller version of the Italian Renaissance that took place in the Middle Ages. It was an artistic, social, and economic growth period that took place. It opened up the gates for the Italian Renaissance a few centuries later.

"File:Trotula of Salerno.jpg." Wikimedia Commons. Web. 03 May 2010. .

Article 10

In the Middle Ages, there were three social classes: serfs, clergy, and the noblemen. All three of these classes were treated differently by the government and had different roles in society. Serfs, the clergy, and noblemen all had different views on society.

The serfs and peasants were treated with little respect by their owners and the government because of their role in the world. Their job was to farm the land owned by the noblemen, who were also their owners. The noblemen had to treat them with some amount of respect, because if they did not then the serf’s production rate would drop (Roles and Rights of a Peasant). The serfs had no part in the government, having no political rights. Legally, they were tied to the soil that they farmed. If the serfs left the farm, they would go to a town where the opportunity to become a craftsman. After a year and one day, they would be considered a free man (Roles and Rights of a Peasant). This role as the work horse of society led to the serf’s opinion of thinking that the workload was unfair, especially for their little reward.

The clergy consisted of monks, nuns, priests, and bishops. Their daily life usually consisted of praying, going to mass, and fulfilling physical needs. There were seven masses held throughout the day that each monk had to go to. Those masses were called Lauds, Matins, Prime, Sext, Nones, Terce, Vespers, and Complines, in order of the time they were held during the day (Daily Life of a Monk in the Middle Ages). They would also rewrite the Bible and other Church documents by hand, since there was no other way of to copy writings. “She never ceased, as written do I find, to pray to God, and love Him, and to dread, beseeching Him to keep her maidenhead,” (Canterbury Tales). This text is describing how the nuns and monks lived their life for God and made the choice to not marry anyone. The clergy knew their place in society, living for God, and they chose this way of life. They enjoyed what they did because it is what they wanted to do.

The noblemen had a fairly easy way of life compared to the people in the other two social classes. They daily life consisted mainly of prayer, dealing with governmental issues, making sure everything on their manor was running smoothly, and taking care of the estate. They prayed and ate in the morning, at noon, and in the evening. Life on the manor revolved around the lord. The morning was the time at which governmental disputes and issues were resolved and taken care of. This was also when business matters were resolved. The nobleman would then partake in political debates. The afternoon consisted mainly of more recreational activities, such as hunting or hawking. Hawking is the sport of training hawks to catch other various animals. After dinner, there would be some sort of entertainment. Entertainment included music, jugglers, dancing, or jesters. The time to go to bed was determined by whenever the lord became tired (Daily Life of a Noble Lord in the Middle Ages). The noblemen and lords of the Middle Ages generally liked their role in society. Apart from the political and estate disputes, their lives were typically easy going and care free.

Each of the social classes had different jobs to do in the society. Unfortunately, the majority of the population was made up by the serfs and peasants. This means that most of the Middle Age society was unhappy with their role.

Works Cited

"Chaucer's Canterbury Tales ~ Presented by ELF." Chaucer's Canterbury Tales ~ Presented by The Electronic Literature Foundation. Web. 30 Apr. 2010. .

"Daily Life of a Monk in the." Middle Ages. Web. 30 Apr. 2010. ages.org.uk/daily-life-monk-middle-ages.htm>.

"Daily Life of a Noble Lord in the." Middle Ages. Web. 01 May 2010. ages.org.uk/daily-life-noble-lord-middle-ages.htm>.

"Roles and Rights of A Peasant." Web. 29 Apr. 2010. .

"File:Costumes of Slaves or Serfs from the Sixth to the Twelfth Centuries.png." Wikimedia Commons. Web. 30 April 2010. .